The US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) have announced class-wide safety labelling changes and new postmarket study requirements for all extended-release and long-acting (ER/LA) opioid analgesics intended to treat pain.
“The FDA is invoking its authority to require safety labeling changes and postmarket studies to combat the crisis of misuse, abuse, addiction, overdose, and death from these potent drugs that have harmed too many patients and devastated too many families and communities,” said Margaret A Hamburg, Commissioner, FDA. “Today’s action demonstrates the FDA’s resolve to reduce the serious risks of long-acting and extended release opioids while still seeking to preserve appropriate access for those patients who rely on these medications to manage their pain.”
Given the serious risks of using ER/LA opioids, the class-wide labelling changes, when final, will include important new language to help healthcare professionals tailor their prescribing decisions based on a patient’s individual needs. The updated indication states that ER/LA opioids are indicated for the management of pain severe enough to require daily, around-the-clock, long-term opioid treatment and for which alternative treatment options are inadequate.
The updated indication further clarifies that, because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse, even at recommended doses, and because of the greater risks of overdose and death, these drugs should be reserved for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options (e.g., non-opioid analgesics or immediate-release opioids) are ineffective, not tolerated, or would be otherwise inadequate to provide sufficient management of pain; ER/LA opioid analgesics are not indicated for as-needed pain relief.
“The FDA’s primary tool for informing prescribers about the approved uses of medications is the product labelling,” said Douglas Throckmorton, Deputy Director for Regulatory Programmes, FDA’s Centre for Drug Evaluation and Research. “These labelling changes describe more clearly the risks and safety concerns associated with ER/LA opioids and will encourage better, more appropriate, prescribing, monitoring and patient counselling practices involving these drugs.”
Recognising that more information is needed to assess the serious risks associated with long-term use of ER/LA opioids, the FDA is requiring the drug companies that make these products to conduct further studies and clinical trials. The goals of these postmarket requirements are to further assess the known serious risks of misuse, abuse, increased sensitivity to pain (hyperalgesia), addiction, overdose, and death.
The FDA is also requiring a new boxed warning on ER/LA opioid analgesics to caution that chronic maternal use of these products during pregnancy can result in neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS), which may be life-threatening and require management according to protocols developed by neonatology experts. NOWS can occur in a newborn exposed to opioid drugs while in the mother’s womb. Symptoms may include poor feeding, rapid breathing, trembling, and excessive or high-pitched crying.
In addition, the FDA is notifying ER/LA opioid analgesic application holders of the need for changes to the following sections of drug labelling: dosage and administration; warnings and precautions; drug interactions; use in specific populations; patient counselling information, and the medication guide.
Once the safety labelling changes are finalised, modifications will also be made to the ER/LA Opioid Analgesics Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS), to reflect the updated information. Originally approved in 2012, the ER/LA Opioid Analgesics REMS requires companies to make available to health care professionals educational programmes on how to safely prescribe ER/LA opioid analgesics and to provide medication guides and patient counselling documents containing information on the safe use, storage, and disposal of ER/ LA opioids.
In addition to the safety labelling changes and postmarket study requirements, the FDA has issued responses to two related citizen petitions.
“The FDA remains committed to improving the safety of opioids and to continuing to engage in efforts to evaluate and mitigate the risks associated with opioid use,” said Throckmorton. “Today’s safety labelling changes reflect the FDA’s current understanding of the risks and benefits of these products. The FDA will evaluate the results of the postmarket studies, continue to monitor relevant safety data, and take further safety action, as warranted.”
EP News Bureau – Mumbai
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