Pharma industries in West Bengal

Dr Chintamoni Ghosh, Director of Drugs Control, Government of West Bengal, elaborates on how the pharma sector is one of India’s most important sectors in terms of projected revenue growth from exports and for meeting the needs of Indian population

The alopathic system of medicine was introduced in India first time by the British ruler. Before the advent of British rule, the indigenous system of medicine, i.e ayurvedic, and unani, called Indian System of Medicine (ISM) were used in India. Mainly bulk drugs were manufactured by foreign companies in India and exported for converting into finished formulation to bring it back again to India. After the World War II, import of finished formulation were decreased significantly and indigenous companies tried to set up their own manufacturing facilities. The Calcutta Chemicals, Standard Chemicals and East India Chemicals were the pioneers to set up manufacturing facilities in West Bengal.

The Indian pharmaceutical industry can be said to have begun with the setting up of ‘Bengal Chemical and Pharmaceutical Works’ in Kolkata. Subsequently, institutes like Kings Institute of Preventive Medicine in Chennai, Pasteur Institute in Coonoor, the Central Drug Research Institute in Kasauli and others were set up. Post-independence, many other public sector companies such as Hindustan Antibiotics in 1954 and Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals in 1961 were set up to reduce the imports of important antibiotics and also to meet the county’s demand from indigenous production.

Today the pharma industry is in the front rank of India’s science-based industries with wide ranging capabilities in the complex field of drug manufacturing and technology. It ranks very high in the third world, in terms of technology, quality and range of medicines manufactured. From simple headache pills to sophisticated antibiotics and complex cardiac compounds, almost every type of medicine is now made indigenously.

The Indian pharma sector has 300 large units that control about 70 per cent of the market with market leader holding nearly seven per cent of the market share and about 8000 small scale units together which form the core of the pharma industry in India. These units produce the complete range of pharma formulations, i.e., medicines ready for consumption by patients and more than 400 bulk drugs, used for production of pharma formulations. Consequently, larger companies are cutting back on outsourcing and shifted to companies with facilities in the five tax-free states — Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttaranchal, Sikkim and Jharkhand. SMEs have been finding it difficult to find the funds to upgrade their manufacturing plants, resulting in the closure of many facilities.

In 2005, India introduced product patent recognition to all new chemical entities (NCEs) i.e., bulk drugs developed then onwards. This introduction of product patent regime from January 2005 is leading into long-term growth for the future which mandated patent protection on both products and processes for a period of 20 years. Under this new law, India will be forced to recognise not only new patents but also any patents filed after January 1, 1995. The Indian pharma industry is mounting up the value chain. From being a pure reverse engineering industry focused on the domestic market, the industry is moving towards basic research driven, export-oriented global presence, providing a wide range of value added quality products and services, innovation, product life cycle management and enlarging their market reach. The old and mature categories like anti-infectives, vitamins, analgesics are de-growing while, new lifestyle categories like cardiovascular, Central Nervous System (CNS), anti diabetic and anti-cancer drugs are expanding at double-digit growth rates.

Domestic market

The industry has enormous growth potential. The factors are listed below:

• The large population of over of a billion
• Increasing income capacity
• Demand for quality healthcare
• Change in disease patterns
• Increased demand for new medicines to combat lifestyle related diseases

More than 85 per cent of the formulations produced in the country are sold in the domestic market. India is largely self-sufficient in case of formulations. Some life saving, new generation under-patent formulations continue to be imported, especially by MNCs, which then market them in India. Overall, the size of the domestic formulations market is around Rs 160 billion and it is growing at 10 per cent per annum.

Export potential

The pharma sector is one of India’s most important sectors in terms of projected revenue growth from exports and for meeting the needs of Indian population. There are a larger number of markets to which Indian pharma companies can now export as a result of global trade liberalisation and capacity building by Indian companies over the last decade.

Pharma sector in Bengal

Agriculture is the backbone of the West Bengal’s economy. Industrial and services sector also contribute to the development of the state economy. Pharma industries, especially formulation units, require less land compared to other heavy Industries; Return on Investment (RoI) is fast and very good. In modern pharma industry one requires less but highly qualified and skilled manpower, which is available in the state as it is evident from the fact that many personnel from the state of West Bengal are holding high position in the pharma industry in other parts of the country.

Advantages of pharma industry in West Bengal

• Potential market with a target large population in the eastern and north eastern states.
• Successful implementation of land reforms, the rural economy has developed resulting increase of purchasing power.
• Prime medical facility in Kolkata, Durgapur and Siliguri for patient from neighbouring countries, especially Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan
• NIPER campus has established in the state.
• A proposed pharma manufacturing zone and chemical hub
• Special Export Processing Zone (SEPZ) at Falta
• NPPA-CIFG in Kolkata for redresse the grievances of consumer
• Biotech Policy is declared
• Country’s main Patent office in Kolkata.

The State Government is adopting a number of policy measures to accelerate the industry’s growth and to make it internationally competitive.

Thrust areas of policy

• Industrial licensing for all bulk drugs cleared by Drug Controller General (India), all their intermediaries and formulations will be abolished, subject to stipulations laid down from time to time.
• Create an incentive framework for the pharma industry, which promotes new investments and encourages the introduction of new technologies as well as new drugs.
• Permit Foreign Investment up to 100 per cent excepting in a few areas. The Government is also making arrangements for the automatic approval for Foreign Technology Agreements for all bulk drugs cleared by Drug Controller General (India), all their intermediaries and formulations excepting some designated items.

The Directorate of Drugs Control of the State has extended a helping hand to the pharma producers in meeting global standards in stages. Since all surviving industries in West Bengal are GMP compliant, requirements of advanced tools and technology, validated and aseptic processing will no more be a problem. The West Bengal Government is planning to announce a comprehensive drug policy for the state. A strong motivation within the pharma industry is now required to regain its lost pride and position. The effect was negated in government taxation and pricing policies.