US FDA gives record number of review designations to CRISPR drugs in 2023: GlobalData

In late 2023, Vertex Pharmaceuticals and CRISPR Therapeutics made history by gaining the first FDA approval for a CRISPR-based drug, exagamglogene autotemcel (Casgevy) for the treatment of sickle cell disease with vaso-occlusive crisis. This historic achievement coincided with a record number of 14 review designations awarded by the FDA to CRISPR-based therapies in 2023, according to GlobalData.

Casgevy is the first CRISPR-based drug to receive marketing authorisation globally. CRISPR technology rectifies non-functional genes as opposed to replacing or disrupting pathogenic genes. Casgevy is developed to precisely edit the faulty gene in a patient’s bone marrow stem cell, enabling the production of functional hemoglobin. This replaces the previous permanent treatment option of a bone marrow transplant, which carries many risks, including rejection.

Jasper Morley, Drugs Intelligence Analyst at GlobalData comments: “The increase in designations awarded in recent years may be part of an enhanced effort by the FDA to promote CRISPR drugs. This record year saw six orphan drug designations, four fast track designations, two regenerative medicine advanced therapy (RMAT) designations, and a single rare pediatric disease designation and priority review awarded to 10 different CRISPR drugs.”

The FDA awarded the first review designation to a CRISPR drug in 2019. Since this initial designation, the trend has been on an upward trajectory. The record review designations in 2023 were a 55 per cent increase from the previous high of nine, which occurred in 2021 and 2022.

Morley adds, “Since 2019, the FDA has awarded 43 total review designations to 21 distinct CRISPR treatments. Over this period, the orphan drug designation has been awarded 22 times, and the fast-track designation to 10. The newly approved Casgevy stands out as the leader, having secured seven designations.”

Following Casgevy, in 2023, Caribou Biosciences’ CB-011—a CRISPR-edited allogeneic CAR T-Cell therapy—emerged as a front-runner, earning four review designations: two orphan drug designations and two fast track designations. One of each was awarded for refractory multiple myeloma and relapsed multiple myeloma.

Morley concludes, “The increasing number of review designations being awarded to CRISPR therapeutics, such as the fast track designation, which accelerates the development and evaluation of drugs, suggests that the FDA understands the potential positive impact of these drugs. As such, the FDA is leading a concerted effort to support and promote the development of these drugs, which may result in another CRISPR therapeutic reaching the market sooner than initially anticipated.”